definition : translationDNS servers are essential to the functioning of the web because they make the connection between a website and an IP address.
What is a DNS server?
The DNS server (Domain Name System, or French Domain Name System) is a service whose main function is to translate a domain name into an IP address . To simplify, the DNS server acts as a directory that a computer consults when accessing another computer via a network. In other words, the DNS server is this service which makes it possible to associate an IP address with a website (or a connected computer or a server ), like a telephone directory makes it possible to associate a telephone number with a subscriber name.
Designed in 1983 by Jon Postel and Paul Mockapetris, the DNS is therefore essential today in the world of web browsing. Each Internet service provider has its own DNS servers, with IP addresses that often take the form of a succession of numbers of digits (193.168.182.10 for example).
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| DNS : Domain Name System |
A domain name (of the "mydomain.com" type) is filed with a " registrar ", an intermediary body between the applicants (or holders) of domain names. domain, and ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), a not-for-profit corporation responsible for allocating IP addresses worldwide through the domain name system.
"Name resolution"
The Domain Name System has therefore been set up to identify the different websites in a simpler way: it is a system of "translation" of IP addresses, addresses assigned in a unique way to each machine connected to the Internet. (IP addresses are somewhat analogous to telephone numbers). The translation operation is called "(domain) name resolution" and must be perfectly mastered (just as a telephone number must lead to the establishment of good communication). It is ICANN's role to ensure the smooth running of name resolution.
What is the difference between gTLDs and ccTLDs?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed directory based on a hierarchical name structure. The top of the hierarchy is the so-called "root" domain (administered by ICANN), from which branch off which are the so-called "top-level" domains, ie Top Level Domains (TLDs). Examples of TLDs are .com, .org, .net, .fr, etc.
A distinction is made between gTLDs (generic Top Level Domains: .com, .org, .net, .biz, .info...) and ccTLDs (country code Top Level Domains: national suffixes such as .fr, .ca, .nl, .es, .it...). TLDs start from new branches which are the so-called "lower level" domains (mydomain.com for example).
Change of registrar
Once a domain name has been filed with a registrar (and the steps taken with the national organization concerned in the case of a domain name whose suffix is a ccTLD), you may wish to transfer the registration to a another registrar. During this procedure, the information relating to the domain name-IP address translation is kept during the transfer: any risk of service interruption is therefore avoided.
Change of host
More frequently, we will want to change host, and we will no longer have to transfer the registration of the domain name but the destinations of the requests to this domain name.
If you have a domain name, you appear as the administrative contact for this domain name filed with the registrar. As such, it is possible for us to modify the "DNS" authoritative on this domain.
By "DNS", we mean here by abuse of language ( Domain Name Server instead of Domain Name System ) the information stating the IP address and the host name (which is nothing other than a domain name prefixed, i.e. with " www ") of the primary name server, and information about the IP address and host name of the secondary name server. The difference between the two is as follows: the secondary server acts as a "spare wheel" if, for example, the primary server fails.
- Translation of the word DNS (DNS server)
- Domain name system
- The Domain Name System translates domain names into IP addresses.
- The DNS converts domain names into IP addresses.
Internet Protocol (IP) address: what is it?
Indispensable for the identification of a computer medium connected to the Internet, the IP address is a central element in the world of the web.
What is an IP address?
How does an IP address work?
What does an IP address look like ?
The IP (Internet Protocol) address designates a unique number assigned temporarily or permanently to a computer connected to a computer network that uses the Internet protocol. This series of digits plays a role of identification of the connection and allows the routing (that is to say the routing) of the packets of data on Internet.
How does an IP address work?
On all computer media (modem, router , computer, smartphone, network printer, etc.), each interface in communication with the network needs at least one IP address. However, there can be multiple IP addresses per interface, and multiple interfaces per computer. During a packet exchange transmitted by the IP protocol, the IP address of the sender and the recipient are visible.
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| IP address |
In the majority of cases, the IP address is said to be dynamic. It is the computer which, when it connects to the network, automatically obtains this address thanks to the DHCP protocol. But it can also be called static (or fixed). It is then up to the user to manually enter their address.
What does an IP address look like?
The IP address of individuals is in the form of a series of decimal numbers, such as 192.134.8.24. This series of numbers corresponds to version 4 of the IP address, which is still the most widely used today. However, this should reach saturation in the next few years. A new version, version 6, already exists and has more numbers to offer a wider range of possible combinations.
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